J Hematol

Journal of Hematology, ISSN 1927-1212 print, 1927-1220 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Hematol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.thejh.org

Short Communication

Volume 12, Number 3, June 2023, pages 109-113

Amplification of Chromosome 1q Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients

Figure 1. (a) Overall survival (OS) and (b) overall survival from time of stem cell transplantation (aHSCT-OS) (based on Kaplan-Meier estimates). Gain(1q): isolated gain(1q) three copies of 1q; Amp(1q): isolated amp(1q) > 3 copies of 1q; High risk: del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20); Other cytogenetics: all cytogenetic changes without gain(1q) or amp(1q) or high risk.

Figure 2. Multivariable subgroup analysis using Cox proportional-hazards model for overall survival (HR, 95% CI, and P value). Gain(1q): three copies of 1q; Amp(1q): > 3 copies of 1q; High risk: del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20); Bor + IMID + DMT: bortezomib, immunomodulatory drug, dexamethasone; Bor + Cyc + DMT: bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.

**Table 1.** Baseline Patient Characteristics and Treatment
	Entire cohort (n = 136)	Gain(1q) cohort (n = 38)	Amp(1q) cohort (n = 9)	P value
^adel(17p) n = 13 (9.6%); t(4;14) n = 9 (6.6%); t(14;16) n = 3 (2.2%); t(14;20) n=1 (0.7%). High-risk cytogenetic group: del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20). Bor: bortezomib, IMIDs: immunomodulatory drugs, DMT: dexamethasone, aHSCT: autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Len: lenalidomide, Dara: daratumumab, Cyc: cyclophosphamide; ISS: international staging system; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgA: immunoglobulin A.
Age, median (range)	62 (41 - 73)	62 (49 - 73)	61 (43 - 68)	0.805
Male, n (%)	81 (60%)	21 (55%)	6 (67%)	0.769
Female, n (%)	55 (40%)	17 (45%)	3 (33%)	0.769
ISS (1; 2; 3)%	36%; 34%; 30%	32%; 27%; 41%	0%; 86%; 14%	0.03
Protein M type, n (%)				0.098
IgG	80 (59%)	23 (61%)	7 (78%)
IgA	26 (19%)	8 (21%)	1 (11%)
Light chain only	29 (21%)	7 (18%)	1 (11%)
Non-secretory	1 (1%)	0	0
High-risk cytogenetic group, n (%)	23 (17%)^a	7 (18%)	1 (11%)	0.871
Induction treatment, n (%)				0.360
Bor + IMIDs + DMT	88 (65%)	26 (68%)	4 (44%)
Bor + Cyc + DMT	45 (33%)	12 (32)	5 (56%)
Dara containing	3 (2%)	0	0
Conditioning regimen, n (%)				0.373
Melphalan 200 mg/m²	116 (85%)	31 (82%)	9 (100%)
Melphalan 140 mg/m²	20 (15%)	7 (18%)	0
aHSCT single/tandem, n (%)	105 (77%)/31 (23%)	24 (63%)/14 (37%)	5 (56%)/4 (44%)	0.007
Maintenance, n (%)				0.532
Bor	12 (9%)	3 (8%)	2 (22%)
Len	53 (39%)	20 (53%)	2 (22%)

Table 1. Baseline Patient Characteristics and Treatment

Entire cohort (n = 136)

Gain(1q) cohort (n = 38)

Amp(1q) cohort (n = 9)

P value

^adel(17p) n = 13 (9.6%); t(4;14) n = 9 (6.6%); t(14;16) n = 3 (2.2%); t(14;20) n=1 (0.7%). High-risk cytogenetic group: del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20). Bor: bortezomib, IMIDs: immunomodulatory drugs, DMT: dexamethasone, aHSCT: autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Len: lenalidomide, Dara: daratumumab, Cyc: cyclophosphamide; ISS: international staging system; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgA: immunoglobulin A.

Age, median (range)

62 (41 - 73)

62 (49 - 73)

61 (43 - 68)

0.805

Male, n (%)

81 (60%)

21 (55%)

6 (67%)

0.769

Female, n (%)

55 (40%)

17 (45%)

3 (33%)

0.769

ISS (1; 2; 3)%

36%; 34%; 30%

32%; 27%; 41%

0%; 86%; 14%

0.03

Protein M type, n (%)

0.098

IgG

80 (59%)

23 (61%)

7 (78%)

IgA

26 (19%)

8 (21%)

1 (11%)

Light chain only

29 (21%)

7 (18%)

1 (11%)

Non-secretory

1 (1%)

High-risk cytogenetic group, n (%)

23 (17%)^a

7 (18%)

1 (11%)

0.871

Induction treatment, n (%)

0.360

Bor + IMIDs + DMT

88 (65%)

26 (68%)

4 (44%)

Bor + Cyc + DMT

45 (33%)

12 (32)

5 (56%)

Dara containing

3 (2%)

Conditioning regimen, n (%)

0.373

Melphalan 200 mg/m²

116 (85%)

31 (82%)

9 (100%)

Melphalan 140 mg/m²

20 (15%)

7 (18%)

aHSCT single/tandem, n (%)

105 (77%)/31 (23%)

24 (63%)/14 (37%)

5 (56%)/4 (44%)

0.007

Maintenance, n (%)

0.532

Bor

12 (9%)

3 (8%)

2 (22%)

Len

53 (39%)

20 (53%)

2 (22%)